The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (NDPS) Act, 1985, aims to combat drug abuse and trafficking in India. Here’s a comprehensive guide:
What is NDPS?
The NDPS Act is a law that prohibits the manufacture, sale, possession, and consumption of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances.
Types of NDPS Offenses:
- Possession (Section 18)
- Sale (Section 20)
- Manufacture (Section 22)
- Trafficking (Section 24)
- Financing illicit traffic (Section 25)
NDPS Case Procedure:
- Investigation (Section 42)
- Arrest (Section 43)
- Search and Seizure (Section 44)
- Confiscation (Section 45)
- Trial (Section 46)
- Sentencing (Section 47)
NDPS Punishments:
- Imprisonment (up to 20 years)
- Fine (up to ₹2 lakhs)
- Forfeiture of property
- Death penalty (in extreme cases)
NDPS Case Judgment:
- Landmark judgments by Supreme Court and High Courts
- Recent NDPS cases and their outcomes
Challenges in NDPS Cases:
- Proof of possession
- Establishing mens rea
- Handling confidential informants
- Ensuring chain of custody
Tips for Handling NDPS Cases:
- Thorough investigation
- Proper documentation
- Expert testimony
- Regular follow-ups
NDPS Resources:
- Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB)
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre (NDDTC)
- United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)
NDPS Amendments:
- NDPS (Amendment) Act, 2014
- NDPS (Amendment) Act, 2019
NDPS Case Laws:
- State v. Mohd. Iqbal @ Javed (2014)
- Union of India v. Sanjay (2012)
- Rajesh Kumar v. State (2011)
NDPS Act Sections:
- Section 18: Possession
- Section 20: Sale
- Section 22: Manufacture
- Section 24: Trafficking
- Section 25: Financing illicit traffic
By understanding NDPS cases and procedures, law enforcement agencies and legal professionals can effectively combat drug-related crimes.
Sources:
- NDPS Act, 1985
- NCB Website
- UNODC Website
- Supreme Court and High Court Judgments
- Expert Opinions and Research Papers.
