1. Data Protection and Privacy: One of the fundamental aspects of cyber law is Safeguarding Personal Data and Privacy. This involves regulations and statutes that dictate how organizations collect, store, process, and share sensitive information. In India, the Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019 aims to protect the privacy of individuals and regulate the processing of personal data. The law mandates total regulatory and statutory compliance to safeguard individuals and businesses.
2. Cybercrimes and Offenses: Cyber law delineates various types of cybercrimes and prescribes penalties for offenders. These offenses include Hacking, Phishing, Online Fraud, Cyberbullying, Sextortion, Identity Theft, Intellectual Property Theft, and Cyber Terrorism. The Information Technology Act, 2000, amended in 2008, serves as the primary legislation governing cybercrimes in India.
3. Electronic Transactions and Contracts: Cyber law governs Electronic Transactions (e-Transactions/ e-Payments) and Contracts conducted over the internet. It ensures the validity and enforceability of Digital Signatures, Electronic Records, and Online agreements. The Information Technology Act, 2000, recognizes electronic signatures and electronic documents, facilitating e-commerce and digital transactions.
4. Cyber Security: Cyber law plays a pivotal role in promoting cybersecurity measures to protect digital infrastructure and networks from cyber threats. It mandates security protocols, incident reporting requirements, and cybersecurity best practices for organizations. The Indian government has established the Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-In) to address cybersecurity incidents and promote a secure cyber ecosystem.